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1) What are constraints? These are used to constraint(limit) the data that can go into SQL tables There are generally six types of constraints in SQL: NOT NULL Constraint - Check Constraint - Default Constarint - Primary Key Constraint - Unique Key Constraint - Foreign Key Constraint - 2) What are ACID properties? ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability. Database professionals when evaluating the database, looks at these features of database. Atomicity: Each transaction is said to be atomic. If one part of the transaction fails, entire transaction should fail. Its all or none rule. Consistency: Only valid data should be written into database. If a transaction is executed that violates the Database consistency rules then entire transaction should be rolled back. Database should not leave your transaction in half finished state. Isolation: Database should isolate two concurrent transactions until they are finished. Durability: Any transac...

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace AsscendingOrder { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] a = { 2,1,2,1,2,13,19,31,6}; for (int j = a.Length - 1; j > 0; j--) { for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) { if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) { int temp = a[i]; a[i] = a[i + 1]; a[i + 1] = temp; } } } for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++ ) Console.WriteLine(a[i]); Console.ReadLine(); } } }

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace HexToDec { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string hex = Console.ReadLine(); int Total = 0; //TBD: Need to check for other characters are entered for (int i = 0; i <= hex.Length - 1; i++) { switch (Convert.ToChar(hex[i].ToString().ToUpper())) { case 'A': Total = Total + 10*((Int32)Math.Pow(16,hex.Length-1-i)); break; case 'B': Total = Total + 11 * ((Int32)Math.Pow(16, hex.Length - 1 - i)); break; case 'C': Total = Total + 12 * ((Int32)Math.Pow(16, hex.Length - 1 - i)); break; case 'D': Total = Total + 13 * ((Int32)Math.Pow(16, hex.Length - 1 - i)); break; case 'E': Total = Total + 14 * ((Int32)Math.Pow(16, hex.Length - 1 - i)); break; case 'F': Total = Total + 15 * ((Int32)Math.Pow(16, hex.Length - 1 - i)); break; default: Total = Total + Convert.ToInt32(hex[i].ToString()) * ((Int...

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace reference { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int i = 5; Method(ref i); Console.WriteLine(i.ToString()); Console.ReadLine(); } static void Method(ref int j) { j = j + 7; } } }

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace stringreverse { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string first; int j=0; Console.WriteLine("Enter the first string"); first = Console.ReadLine(); char[] firstArr = first.ToCharArray(); char[] secondArr = first.ToCharArray(); for (int i = first.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { secondArr[j] = firstArr[i]; j++; } Console.WriteLine(secondArr); Console.ReadLine(); } } }

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Collections; namespace FirstRepeatedCharacter1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Enter the string"); string str = Console.ReadLine(); if (str == "") { Console.WriteLine("string is empty"); Console.ReadLine(); return; } bool repeated = false; Hashtable strhash = new Hashtable(); foreach (char ch in str) { if (strhash.ContainsValue(ch)) { Console.WriteLine("First non repeated character: " + ch); repeated = true; break; } else { strhash.Add((int)ch, ch); } } if (repeated == false) { Console.WriteLine("No repeated characters"); } Console.ReadLine(); } } }

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Collections; namespace RemoveRepeatedCharacters { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Enter the orirginal string"); string str = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("Enter the characters to be removed string"); string rem = Console.ReadLine(); Hashtable remhash = new Hashtable(); foreach (char ch in rem) { if (!remhash.ContainsValue(ch)) { remhash.Add((int)ch, ch); } } string final = ""; foreach (char ch in str) { if (!remhash.ContainsValue(ch)) { final = final + ch; } } Console.WriteLine(final); Console.ReadLine(); } } }